Past Issues
JPASE Journal Archive
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Volume 7 – Issue 1, Jun.
June
Research Article
Open Access
Indicators Of The Level Of Physical Preparation Among Young Wrestlers.17-20 Years Old
Abstract:
The origins of wrestling are often shrouded in the legendary fog of antiquity. Every sport has its origin and culture. From the beginning of our history, we can feel the breath of millennia where wrestling was a cult, a legend, a duty, or a test for…
The origins of wrestling are often shrouded in the legendary fog of antiquity. Every sport has its origin and culture. From the beginning of our history, we can feel the breath of millennia where wrestling was a cult, a legend, a duty, or a test for everyone. Wrestling has been a very popular sport among the civilized peoples of antiquity, even up to our days numerous Egyptian, Persian, Greek, and Roman frescoes have arrived, showing scenes from various wrestling matches that were organized at that time. In terms of value and importance, the sport of wrestling ranks among the first Olympic sports, always ranking among the most practiced sports around the world. Many authors look for the origin of wrestling in China and Egypt. This is wrong because all people of all ages have had some form of wrestling. A project doctorate is a great effort and challenge at the same time for any doctoral student who aspires to increase his academic qualification, it is a challenge when you want to contribute to sports science in this science that I believe has a place for everyone because science itself as they say is not a exact answer but in itself it is a process that goes on and on. ! From this perspective, the seriousness
and respect for the profession I love, have made me more devoted to researching the unknown, to research where my colleagues leave, where I think the noblest sport in the world, the sport of wrestling, especially in Albania it requires energy and new ideas both in the training plan and in that strategy, especially in the absorption of the new generation, in the further massification and the quality mix of talent during this mix. Zarcioski's legendary statement on talent and the trainer is now known, he says that the trainer's chance to select talent is approximately only 10%…, imagine a colleague telling me how many Einsteins die in the mountains! Beyond this rhetoric that makes my confession about my work and about the goal of where I want to go more honest…
In the topic selected by me "Indicators of the level of physical preparation among young wrestlers 17 to 20 years old" the general and special physical condition of our young wrestlers will be addressed according to the requirements of the time and our sport of wrestling. Physical preparation through its two constituent components (general physical preparation and special physical preparation), is one of the fundamental factors for the formation of a quality opportunity. Through it, a general and complex formation of the wrestler is achieved in the physical, functional, technical, and psychological training indicators. The new training systems reflect wrestling as an extremely important sport, but also difficult in the preparation of quality athletes. Through methodical and organizational scientific content, they show the main phases and stages of the multi-year training process, the main objectives and tasks of the training, as well as the optimal level of development of the loads, and the relevant tools and methods for its improvement.
Keywords:
Greco-Roman wrestling, young athletes, training process, physical training, individual wrestling style
Research Article
Open Access
Physical Education A Necessary Process In Benefiting Skills And Knowledge Of The Pupils
Abstract:
This article’s goal is to examine the dietary advice, weight-control techniques, and rules that wrestling athletes in Albania must follow. Serve as a commentary on how these affects, as well as the perceived requirement for poor body composition for improved performance, can be linked to these…
This article’s goal is to examine the dietary advice, weight-control techniques, and rules that wrestling athletes in Albania must follow. Serve as a commentary on how these affects, as well as the perceived requirement for poor body composition for improved performance, can be linked to these athletes’ inconsistent eating patterns. Wrestling athletes should have a high caloric intake demand, although some wrestlers engage in restricted dietary choices. Some wrestlers have been accused of engaging in extreme weight loss habits. Athletic trainers with incomplete nutrition and weight control training make the majority of nutritional recommendations. As a result, these athletes engage in unhealthy eating habits. Trainers and players must be appropriately evaluated and informed about diet and weight loss. As an athlete prepares to increase their athletic performance throughout the season, such education is essential for their health.
Keywords:
wrestling, healthy food, eating disorders
Research Article
Open Access
Evaluation On Speed And Agility Components In Basketball & Soccer Players 10-14 Years Old. (Literature Review)
Abstract:
This literature review explores the influence of age on the development of speed and agility components in male basketball and soccer players aged 10-14 years. The stages of development of each child are different and are accompanied by physical, psychological, emotional and cognitive changes, for this…
This literature review explores the influence of age on the development of speed and agility components in male basketball and soccer players aged 10-14 years. The stages of development of each child are different and are accompanied by physical, psychological, emotional and cognitive changes, for this reason it is necessary that the training program is suitable for each stage of development. It is known that children of the same chronological age show differences in biological growth. For better results, it is important for coaches and sports scientists to understand how age influences physical and physiological performance in these sports. The findings of our study show how players tend to experience improvements in muscle strength and speed with increasing age within the age range we considered. Pre-adolescents often show improved motor skills, coordination and reaction time, which are fundamental attributes for success in basketball and soccer. However, changes in body shape and body position associated with adolescence can present challenges. Growth spurts, changes in body proportions and coordination that change with age can affect overall performance and require adaptations in training and technique. Another important consideration is the risk of sports-related injuries, which can be exacerbated by increased force and speed. Coaches should prioritize injury prevention strategies, but on the other hand, take advantage of the physical changes that age brings. The effectiveness of recommended training programs plays a key role in exploiting the potential of young athletes. Tailored programs have been shown to have a significant effect on the development of speed, agility and motor skills in adolescent players. In conclusion, we can say that the age range from 10-14 years marks a period of substantial physical and physiological change in young athletes. Personalized training programs closely monitored by coaches are necessary to take advantage of these changes and maximize the development of speed and agility components in basketball and soccer players. Further studies are required to achieve a deeper understanding of this dynamic development and to identify training protocols for this age group.
Keywords:
speed, agility, basketball players, soccer players, physical parameters, physiological parameters.
Research Article
Open Access
Reflections On Physical Motor Activity Preschool Children In Tirana.
Abstract:
That physical education and sports for children is indisputable, this has been proven and is proven by scientific achievements, even going so far as to categorize physical education and sports for children as a separate branch of sports, unlike adults, i.e. a branch independent of sports…
That physical education and sports for children is indisputable, this has been proven and is proven by scientific achievements, even going so far as to categorize physical education and sports for children as a separate branch of sports, unlike adults, i.e. a branch independent of sports science and the sports system. The problem of scientific research in motor activity in the first years of life is of special importance because in these years they are a fundamental element necessary for the formation of personality. With preschool motor education, the foundations are laid for an organic programming of pre-sports and sports activities, providing at the same time the essential elements of the individual's own life. , significantly facilitating regular learning both in school and pre-sports.
Data sources: A systematic literature search on the topic of this doctorate was conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed, CrossRef, Google Scholar, Research Gate, as well as books and doctorates dedicated to this topic. The availability of the text is – free full text; The attributes of the requested articles are – review, systematic review; Publication date; Last 10 years until December 2022.
Study eligibility criteria: A systematic approach was used to evaluate 16 articles from PubMed, 34 articles from CrossRef, 9 articles from Google Scholar, and 5 books (64 total references). identified for initial screening. After an in-depth review of these materials, 21 of them met the conditions to be considered valid for the topic we are dealing with.
Physical education and sports play a certain and important role in the physical and mental development of children at certain stages of development and why not, even determining. Through this education, children are given all the opportunities to discover and know themselves, to continuously develop their motor skills inextricably linked to their childhood world, to their talents, predispositions and entertaining potential, valid for the present and the future, forging, at the same time, their personality. Being born as a creature of nature, but with the many confrontations in social life, he potentially turns into a social being where education understood in all aspects plays a special role for this. In this framework, physical education and sports have their weight. This education aims to contribute to the creation of a better, peaceful world, to preserve human dignity. In addition to these positive values, if the purpose of this education tends towards selfish goals, then participation in it will have negative consequences, creating a state of false superiority over others. The rules of physical activity are rules of the democratic activity of living, where our goal as physical educators is not to create the strong, to train the lion, but to educate with the rules of society, of the state for a better future. Physical education sport today is no longer a profession, but a mission, a philosophy, which, along with the development of physical skills, also pursues intellectual achievement for a balanced human being, that is, to train the individual on both sides: physical and intellectual, in a harmonious character. Through active participation, the child will develop the basic concept of sport as a single and integrated being where he is and should be the protagonist of his own education. Someone calls this education a weapon that, no matter how small, is effective in fighting vices such as alcohol, drugs, prostitution and other temptations that today's youth are going through. Winning the competition is not everything, it is only one thing , because to impose on children, to make their victory so important, you have actually weakened their autonomy, their internal motivation, their sense of self. Psycho-physical education conditions school success. It presents the most efficient means of preventing disorders and limits the risk of a failure at school by assuming the dependence of normal intelligence. It is an educational tool that strengthens the possibility to accept a sports practice without the risk of compromising the equilibrium of the subject, avoiding the damage of a premature specialization, with essential aspects of a problem that affects children at that age in which the foundations of what the child's future will be are laid. For a general unbalanced development of the child a complete development of motor skills must be guaranteed, both in the expressive and the transitory plan.
The behavior of the individual in the sports activity, as well as his behavior in general, is complex and dynamic. That physical education and sports for children is indisputable, this has been proven and is proven by scientific achievements, even reaching as far as physical education and sports for children to categorize it as a separate branch of sport, unlike adults, i.e. an independent branch of sports science and the sports system.
Motor education of 3-6 year old children cannot be other than psychokinetic education, that is, with the aim of the global formation of the child from all perspectives: motor, affective, cognitive and social. So we can talk about basic motor education, because it must guarantee the child the most complete adaptation in different forms of learning: social (relationships in life), sports (multivalent motor readiness aimed at the beginnings of the future practice sports.
In order for the individual to accept from a normal life, to a complete personality structure, he will have to ensure a normal evolution of psychomotor functions. In order to understand these attitudes that do not belong exclusively to the physical sphere or the psychic sphere, but to the psycho-physical interactions, at that level when any division between the body and the mind is deeply arbitrary.
The methodological-operative plan of motor education is essentially focused on the structure of the body scheme, in the space where the following basic functions are shown: 1) Adaptation function. 2) Body sides or lateralization 3) Knowledge and perception of the body itself. 4) Time and space perception. Briefly analyzing the characteristics of these functions and their importance, which for us contains the basis for a regular development of the child. Essentially, these functions are closely related to the function of the central nervous system. Before talking about functional development, we must emphasize that as long as psychomotor functions can be developed optimally, the interaction-affective aspect must be constantly present. We mean the relationship that stabilizes between the teacher and the child himself. If it is not operated in a relaxed and calm climate, where the teacher does not stabilize effective communication with the children, cases of contraction and closure can be observed in which nothing can be built. This depends on the attitude of the teacher
Keywords:
Motor Skills, Physical Activity, Preschool children age 3-6 years, Adaptation function, Body sides or lateralization, Knowledge and perception of the body itself, Time and space perception.
Research Article
Open Access
Response To A Single Exercise Bout In Elderly Trained Subjects Versus Sedentary Controls
Abstract:
Ageing is associated with a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength often resulting in reduced functional capacity. Skeletal muscle mass declines with advancing age, such that by 60–70 years of age, skeletal muscle mass in humans has decreased by 25–30%, resulting in a significant decrease…
Ageing is associated with a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength often resulting in reduced functional capacity. Skeletal muscle mass declines with advancing age, such that by 60–70 years of age, skeletal muscle mass in humans has decreased by 25–30%, resulting in a significant decrease of muscle strength (Tinetti et al.1988). Muscular strength is typically maintained at peak levels until the fifth or sixth decade, after which accelerated losses occur (Hurley 1995). The age-associated reduction of quadriceps muscle strength is such that the average 80-y-old is at or near the minimum level of strength required to rise from a chair (Reynolds and Garrett 1989). Leg muscle strength also appears to be related to maximum (Conley et al. 1995) and sustainable (Ades et al. 1996) walking speeds in ambulatory older population. Declines in maximal muscle strength could result from the loss of muscle mass, reductions in the intrinsic contractile properties (i.e., specific force) of the remaining fibers or to a reduced ability to activate the muscle maximally. In the proximal limb muscles of humans (i.e., knee/elbow flexors and extensors), a major cause of age-associated maximal strength losses appears to be the reduced cross-sectional area of the active muscle tissue (Conley et al. 1995, Evans 1995).
This is probably influenced by changes in hormones such as testosterone and growth hormone, which appear to decline more dramatically after an age of 60 years (Vermeulen 2000, van der Lely et al. 2004). Reduction in the circulating concentration of these hormones will result in a shift in the balance between muscle protein synthesis (anabolism) and protein breakdown (catabolism). The decreased strength is due to atrophy of muscle fibers. (Eigenmann et al 1984, Carrel &Allen 2000, Casanueva 1992) However, this is in apparent contrast with studies of small muscle groups in humans (Kallman et al. 1990) and findings in old mice and rats, in which precise estimates of limb muscle specific force are reduced by as much as 20% (Brooks and Faulkner 1994).
The importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying these particular muscle properties is supported by the close association between age-related reductions in lower extremity power output and functional abilities such as maximal walking speed and stair climbing ability (Hurley, 1995). This reduced capacity for rapid force generation might also limit the ability to respond quickly to a loss of balance and increase the risk of falling.
Research Article
Open Access
Literature Review On Appropriate Methods To Improve Physical Skills For Adults Over 40 Years Of Age As A Form Of Training For Health And Physical Well-Being.
Research Article
Open Access
The Impact Of Marketing On The Sustainable Development Of Sports/Active Tourism In Albania: A Review
Abstract:
This study aimed to explore recent strategies for fostering sustainable development in active tourism, a contemporary travel approach blending adventure, ecotourism, and cultural immersion. Active tourism emphasizes minimal environmental impact, societal harmony, and a balance between recreation and education. It shares commonalities with ecotourism and nature…
This study aimed to explore recent strategies for fostering sustainable development in active tourism, a contemporary travel approach blending adventure, ecotourism, and cultural immersion. Active tourism emphasizes minimal environmental impact, societal harmony, and a balance between recreation and education. It shares commonalities with ecotourism and nature tourism, intertwining recreational activities with adventurous experiences. It encourages responsible travel in natural landscapes, requiring both physical and mental engagement and a commitment to sustainable practices, biodiversity preservation, and cultural heritage. Key components include relaxation, learning, respect for nature, physical activity, and active participation guided by knowledgeable locals or experienced guides. In Albania, active tourism is gaining recognition for its economic significance, identified as a promising market by the global tourism industry. Its development relies on collaboration among stakeholders, especially in marketing, to enhance competitiveness. To harness this emerging market, communities and stakeholders must undertake strategic planning to capitalize on economic opportunities while promoting sustainability.
Keywords:
sustainable development, active tourism, hybrid tourism, biodiversity management
Volume 6 – Issue 2, Dec.
December
Research Article
Open Access
Physical Components Of Children Participating In Team Sports – A Literature Review
Abstract:
The development of young athletes is critical, and therefore, adequate training programs must be designed to help them grow, develop healthily, and achieve outstanding results in the sports in which they compete. The growth process is unique in every child, and every stage in this process…
The development of young athletes is critical, and therefore, adequate training programs must be designed to help them grow, develop healthily, and achieve outstanding results in the sports in which they compete. The growth process is unique in every child, and every stage in this process is marked by changes physical,
psychological, emotional, and cognitive changes. Coaches must build training programs that fit the needs of every stage. It is common knowledge that children of the same age group exhibit variations in developmental milestones. According to Jukic et al. (2021), it is important to take into account athletes’ ages, and the following factors should be considered: chronological age; biological age in young athletes; metabolic age; and sports age, which refers to years of participation in organised sports. Guidelines for age-appropriate agility training are primarily hypothetical due to a scarcity of information in this area. Numerous investigations have found that agility naturally increases with age (along with training), particularly between childhood and adolescence (Zemková & Hamar, 2014). Training adaptation for enhancing agility is linked not just to the effects of relevant training stimuli, but also to young athletes’ inherent developmental processes (Harrison & McGuigan, 2019). The synthesis of the literature on training programs for young subjects is an important first step towards determining effective sports training techniques adequate for meeting the needs of the respective age groups. Furthermore, this literature evaluation is intended to disclose shortages of evidence and prospective study efforts, as well as to identify supporting data linked to training capacity, inherent growth, and contributing factors in motor performance in young adults.
Keywords:
sports games, training programs, speed, strength, agility.
Research Article
Open Access
The Impact Of Walking And Otago Exercise Program On Improving Balance Parameters In The Elderly. (Literature Review)
Abstract:
Background: With increasing age, neuromuscular deficits (eg, sarcopenia) can result in impaired physical performance and increased risk of falls in those over 65 years of age. The main intrinsic risk factors for falls are age-related gradual decline in balance and strength/power performance, as well as other…
Background: With increasing age, neuromuscular deficits (eg, sarcopenia) can result in impaired physical performance and increased risk of falls in those over 65 years of age. The main intrinsic risk factors for falls are age-related gradual decline in balance and strength/power performance, as well as other known factors. With the decline in fertility and the increase in the percentage of people over 65 years of age, additional studies are needed to develop exercise programs specifically tailored
for the elderly, programs that can be easily implemented in clinical practice in home or nursing home settings.
Objectives: The objectives of this literature review are to evaluate the causes and factors that cause falls at this age and to prove the effects of a preventive exercise program based on two main pillars; the OTAGO exercise program and walking. Knowledge of the relationship between balance, strength, and power is important for
identifying individuals at risk because deficits in these neuromuscular components are associated with an increased risk of injury and falls. In addition, this knowledge is of great importance for the development of special exercise programs adapted to the physical condition of individuals of this age group. Improvements in balance,
strength and power are directly related to health and quality of life.
Keywords:
Falls prevention, ageing, nursing home support services, quality of life, older people, walking, OTAGO exercise program, balance, preventive care.
Research Article
Open Access
The Influence Of Specific Training Programs On The Health And Performance Of Volleyball Players Aged 14-16 (Literature Review)
Abstract:
Volleyball is a very popular team sport and enjoyed by millions of people as those who practice it benefit from good physical and psychological skills. It is an aerobic-anaerobic sport that includes a combination of explosive movements, technically well-coordinated with short recovery periods. For the best…
Volleyball is a very popular team sport and enjoyed by millions of people as those who practice it benefit from good physical and psychological skills. It is an aerobic-anaerobic sport that includes a combination of explosive movements, technically well-coordinated with short recovery periods. For the best possible realization of these movements, a great training work is required, both from the coaches and from the players. Heavy training have a positive effect on the growth of the athlete’s performance, but on the other hand, they can have a negative impact, in terms of the risk of injury to these players, in different parts of the body. Specifically, it has been verified by different authors that this can negatively affect the problems with posture asymmetry in volleyball athletes. For this reason, the main purpose of our study is:
1. Designing a specific training program with a group of exercises that will help strengthen and stabilize the spine to improve the problems that volleyball players have with the spine, also ensuring an increase in sports performance. Also the improvement of physical parameters such as: strength and balance, in young
volleyball players. One of the problems that has recently been noticed among today’s children in general, but also among volleyball athletes, are spine problems.
In the sport of volleyball, specific tasks such as jumping, and hitting the ball must be combined with a series of movements. This requires a lot of concentration and high preparation from the neuro-musculo-skeletal system. This may be one of the reasons why volleyball players are always contingently at risk for musculoskeletal injuries. In volleyball players, there is thought to be overload due to the repetitions of unilateral body movements. This leads to postural changes. For this reason, postural asymmetry in sports, especially in people who train regularly and use one hand over head, is thought to be the overload from the repetitions of one sided body movements. Thus, the main focus of this paper was to identify the main reasons that negatively affect the postural asymmetry of volleyball players and the identification and selection of different exercises that can affect the improvement of postural asymmetries, described in the literature until 2023. In volleyball, one of
the most important elements, from which a large number of points are secured, it’s the spike. From the results of the selected studies, it has been identified how different phases of spiking, such as technique, influence, hit force and balance, in spine problems in volleyball athletes.
Keywords:
training loads, speed, agility, physical characteristics
Research Article
Open Access
A Summary Of The Works On The Impact Of Training Loads In Basketball
Abstract:
The information on the amount of exercise required at various competitive levels in European youth basketball events stands in stark contrast to the reality in Albania. Basketball players’ anthropometric and physiological traits are crucial to their success. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis are to: 1)…
The information on the amount of exercise required at various competitive levels in European youth basketball events stands in stark contrast to the reality in Albania. Basketball players’ anthropometric and physiological traits are crucial to their success. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis are to: 1) characterize the physical attributes of young Albanian basketball players during the course of a full basketball season; and 2) create and implement targeted loads in order to ensure that the level of young Albanian basketball players increases in accordance with the demands of basketball games at various competitive levels. The study’s anticipated findings will highlight the significance of developing strength and power as well as the capacity to maintain a high intensity load of intermittent exercise for success in basketball overall and competition at higher levels in particular. Examining the effects of the preparation time on specific basketball players’
neuromuscular characteristics (vertical jump ability and change of direction COD), this study will look at these changes. This study will also examine the connections between neuromuscular alterations in physical performance throughout the preliminary phase and training load indices. We’ll also look at how young female basketball players at various competitive levels’ physical fitness changed throughout the course of the basketball season. In general, the preparation period appears to minimally affect measurement variables during the vertical jump test, but improves aerobic capacity and the ability to sustain high-intensity intermittent exercise.
Changes in physical performance during the competitive phases of the season appear to be influenced by the competitive level of play. The basic knowledge of specific endurance development and strength training has been well known in basketball for many years where fitness coaches have been important members of
the coaching staff, especially before and during the in-season training phases where gains in physical qualities are of paramount importance. great. For this, it is necessary to identify and develop specific tests of physical ability for each sport. Due to the vast range of physical attributes that basketball players must possess, several tests have been established in the literature to evaluate physical fitness and discover skill in a variety of player samples. But no synthesis of the literature has yet been done to determine the most popular tests, outcome variables, and normative values for physical attributes associated with this sport among basketball players of various ages.Thus, the main purpose of this paper was to identify and group of different tests described in the literature until 2023. To find the tests most commonly used to evaluate basketball players’ physical fitness, a literature search was done across many databases.
Keywords:
training loads, speed, agility, physical characteristics
Research Article
Open Access
The Impact Of Ict In The Field Of Recreation And Active Tourism: A Review
Abstract:
The recreation and active tourism sector has benefited greatly from Information and Communication Technology (ICT), particularly in the areas of recreation and active tourism. The purpose of this systematic study is to investigate how ICT affects various aspects of the services offered in the field of…
The recreation and active tourism sector has benefited greatly from Information and Communication Technology (ICT), particularly in the areas of recreation and active tourism. The purpose of this systematic study is to investigate how ICT affects various aspects of the services offered in the field of recreation and active tourism. A thorough search was done using pertinent keywords across three databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. ICT and the impact
of innovation in the field of recreation and active tourism is manifested in various areas, including: Use of digital tools and platforms for destination marketing, visitor information, and management.; Using augmented reality, gaming, and mobile applications to improve the experience of visitors; Using chat bots, virtual assistants and online booking systems to automate tourism services; Using data analytics to improve the efficiency and sustainability of tourist destinations; Training and instruction
through e-Learning on digital skills to increase the skills and knowledge of professionals in the field, etc. Despite the benefits of ICT and innovation, there are also several challenges that need to be addressed including unequal access to digital technologies and skills among actors, especially in rural and remote areas; Privacy
and Security: Protection of personal data and privacy; the need to ensure that the use of ICT and innovation in tourism is environmentally and socially sustainable; The need to increase the digital skills of tourism professionals and ensure they can adapt to the changing technological landscape; The high cost of implementing and
maintaining ICT solutions and innovation, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises, etc.
Keywords:
ICT, Iot, active tourism, recreation, digital tools, digital services
Research Article
Open Access
Aerobic Training’s Effect On Soccer Players’ Vo2 Max And Agility (Literature Review)
Abstract:
An organized, repeated physical activity that needs metabolic processes in the body to consume oxygen to generate power can be defined as aerobic exercise. Aerobic training nowadays, through its programs, has taken on the dimensions of a social phenomenon for physical activity and health, and sports….
An organized, repeated physical activity that needs metabolic processes in the body to consume oxygen to generate power can be defined as aerobic exercise. Aerobic training nowadays, through its programs, has taken on the dimensions of a social phenomenon for physical activity and health, and sports. Soccer,
on the other hand, is a high-level skill sport that requires aerobic and anaerobic strength, as well as physical skills related to speed, agility, strength, and power. To meet these physical needs of soccer players, coaches now offer a variety of aerobic exercises that essentially use the lower and upper extremities, as well as large
muscle groups. For this reason, the purpose of the research is to critically analyze the research that has examined the effects of aerobic exercise and to highlight some of the main features of these studies in relation to agility and VO2 max parameters, with the final aim of creating and the development of a specific “aerobic dance” program, to ensure that young Albanian soccer players, by improving these parameters, increase their performance level and minimize the risk of injuries before and during competitive matches. Specifically, this study is expected to prove how the implementation of an aerobic training program will have a positive impact on at least two of the main moral and physiological components required in soccer, which are speed, agility, and endurance. Soccer players will be able to run, burst to the ball, and change direction while still working at a high pace for a long time. In other words, the aerobic program will be important for the players in order to set the training tasks according to their abilities. In this context, the control of the level of selected components of physical abilities is an extremely important issue, and especially
in sports games is of great importance. The following databases were searched: Pub Med, Scopus, Google Scholar, CrossRef, etc, to find all relevant publications. The following keywords were used in this search: “aerobics”, “aerobic exercise”, “aerobic dance”, “aerobic training”, “soccer”, “young soccer players”, “VO2 max”,
“soccer performance” and “agility”, along with adjectives such as “effect”, “change” and “impact”.
Keywords:
“aerobics”, “aerobic training”, “soccer”, “young soccer players”, “VO2 max”, “soccer performance”, “agility”.
Research Article
Open Access
The Effects Of Physical Activity On Improving Gait And Posture In Children And Adolescents
Abstract:
Assessment of gait is part of physical examination and can help in examining a range of physical anomalies and problems (Andriacchi TP et al., 2000). Another important health parameter in children is correct posture. The human upright posture is governed by a sophisticated control mechanism involving…
Assessment of gait is part of physical examination and can help in examining a range of physical anomalies and problems (Andriacchi TP et al., 2000). Another important health parameter in children is correct posture. The human upright posture is governed by a sophisticated control mechanism involving the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. These systems undergo developmental changes at varying stages, with the somatosensory system reaching maturity first, followed by the visual system, and finally the vestibular system (Hirabayashi and Iwasaki, 1995). Identifying and assessing these parameters can serve as a good basis for determining and using appropriate rehabilitation methodologies, especially in children and adolescents. The main objective of this research project is to demonstrate the effects that programmed physical activity may have on improving gait and posture in children and adolescents in primary education. Some other objectives include measuring and assessing anthropometric parameters (weight, height, BMI), measuring and assessing body composition, measuring and assessing gait, measuring and assessing posture in children and adolescents. Engaging in consistent physical activity has been found to enhance muscle strength, flexibility, and balance, thereby promoting proper posture and improved walking abilities. Research indicates that children who participate in regular physical activities exhibit superior posture and walking skills in comparison to their sedentary counterparts. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that regular exercise can result in enhancements in walking speed, step length, and various components of gait.
Keywords:
children, adolescents, gait, posture, exercise programs.
Volume 5 – Issue 1, Jun.
June
Research Article
Open Access
Genetic markers and their role in assessing health and performance in the context of physical activity and sports
Abstract:
Biomarkers (BM) are different types of biomolecules, used as indicators to assess the health status and benefits of individuals engaged in physical and sport activity. These markers are selected and vary as to the researchpurposes,whethertrackingexercise, to monitor and analyse the body’s response to physical activity and…
Biomarkers (BM) are different types of biomolecules, used as indicators to assess the health status and benefits of individuals engaged in physical and sport activity. These markers are selected and vary as to the researchpurposes,whethertrackingexercise, to monitor and analyse the body’s response to physical activity and sport performance. They are also used to explore on biological and physipological mechanisms which are at the base of the health risks from inactivity/ sedentarity as well as poor or excessive training. Heritability research data provide substantial support for the role of genes in influencing a number of health related features such as physical fitness, obesity and nutritional behavior and sport performance. However, Physical Activity, biological response associated with its health benefits and sport performance, display a complex nature influenced by both internal; factors such as genetic, biochemical, physiological and extrinsic one like exercise and training. In Albania, the use of biomarkers in general and the genetic ones in particular in the context of PA and Health studies and programs is very limited and is not a common practice. The main aim of this paper is the analysis and review of current literature regarding the use and role of these markers in this context, explore possibilities to establish a knowhow basis to further apply and implement them in the assessment of health benefits for those engaged with physical activity in general and for the monitoring of health, sport performance and rehabilitation in athletes in our country.
Keywords:
Genetic markers, sports, Biomarkers
Research Article
Open Access
Assessment Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) in female basketball players
Abstract:
Basketball is considered a sport of permanent intensity that requires mainly anaerobic metabolism according to scientific research. It is known that the anaerobic contribution to basketball is important for tactical moves in defense, attack and for technical actions such as throwing, jumping, blocking, passing, three-step and…
Basketball is considered a sport of permanent intensity that requires mainly anaerobic metabolism according to scientific research. It is known that the anaerobic contribution to basketball is important for tactical moves in defense, attack and for technical actions such as throwing, jumping, blocking, passing, three-step and other technical actions. Method; the aim of this study was evaluating anaerobic performance of the female “PARTIZANI” basketball team Nr = 15 were divided into 4 groups: playmakers 3, forward 7 and centers 5, in RAST (Running Anaerobic Sprint Test). Test contains 6 max sprints with 10s break between each other and variables have been analyzed using visual and mathematical models. The measurements have been performed; first measurement January and second measurement March. Results and discussions; during power and fatigue index values determination we have also analyzed the differences between the groups. Results showed that national female basketball players presented low anaerobic performance. Finally, RAST is an excellent measurement inductor for hyper- lactate and through this measurement we will try to understand the anaerobic performance level our national female basketball team. Conclusions; the basketball players of the PARTIZANI team presented low anaerobic performance. Our data showed that the anaerobic performance determined in elite athletes by the RAST test, was lower when compared to other studies with intermediate teams. Achieving an anaerobic performance requires the planning of a work program by coaches, taking into account the evaluation of player positions. The training program should have a clear definition of objectives before starting its implementation.
Keywords:
anaerobic performance, fatigue index, hyper lactation.
Research Article
Open Access
Coordination development in children aged 7 to 11 years old through games
Abstract:
Balance and coordination are two of the most critical gross motor abilities to develop in a youngster. It helps youngsters to participate in sports and physical activities while also lowering their risk of injury and improving their capacity to accomplish daily duties. The research’s goal is…
Balance and coordination are two of the most critical gross motor abilities to develop in a youngster. It helps youngsters to participate in sports and physical activities while also lowering their risk of injury and improving their capacity to accomplish daily duties. The research’s goal is to measure, document, investigate, and compare the level of coordination quality since the age of commencing school. This research will also help us better understand the status and scoring of sporting talent.
Methodology: We examined 100 youngsters, 50 of whom were females and 50 of whom were boys. The intervention lasted ten weeks. We played six games. Plate – Hezagone Agility test was performed. Discussion: The findings of the Hezagone Agility test demonstrate that the experimental group improved for the boys, second classes 0.19, and third classes 0.13. Girls’ second classes improved by 0.15, while third classes improved by 0.09. The results suggest that the experimental group improved in plate- tapping for males in first grade (0.30), second grade (0.20), and third grade (0.30). Girls’ first classes improved by 0.30, second courses by 0.30, and third classes by 0.30. Conclusion: The use of movement games during the class raises the degree of effective involvement, develops attention, and increases the amount of contact between students, which is another component of the primary school level’s general competences.
Keywords:
Coordination, Development, Games, agility.
Research Article
Open Access
Evaluation of vo2 max, of the Faculty of Movement Sciences students, through the cooper test
Abstract:
Max O2 consumption is the functional indicator that reflects the possibilities and abilities of the athlete, for the actual intake and consumption of O2 in the tissue, which comes from the airways in the load. The study aims to assess the level of maximum VO2 of…
Max O2 consumption is the functional indicator that reflects the possibilities and abilities of the athlete, for the actual intake and consumption of O2 in the tissue, which comes from the airways in the load. The study aims to assess the level of maximum VO2 of students of the Faculty of Motion Sciences through the 12-minute running test (Cooper), respectively: football players (20 boys and 20 girls) and active students (20 boys and 20 girls), aged 18-22 years who are not engaged in sports teams. Before the start of the 12 min run, students were measured their pulse and VO2 with a pulse oximeter and instructed on the rhythm of running and the act of breathing. A general and special heating was carried out, about 15 minutes. From the measurements resulted these distances performed in meters (m); The results at medium and high level of meters traversed in 12 minutes, are low, while the results at low level are very poor, because they result respectively 1400m and 1900m for girls and 2100m and 2200m for boys. Referring (6) for the age group 18- 22 years, the results under 2100m for girls and under 2500m for boys are considered sufficient.
Keywords:
VO2 max, Cooper Test, students, FMS
Research Article
Open Access
Literature review and nutritional recommendations on the importance of the pre-competition weight loss process for wrestlers
Abstract:
This article’s goal is to examine the dietary advice, weight-control techniques, and rules that wrestling athletes in Albania must follow. Serve as a commentary on how these affects, as well as the perceived requirement for poor body composition for improved performance, can be linked to these…
This article’s goal is to examine the dietary advice, weight-control techniques, and rules that wrestling athletes in Albania must follow. Serve as a commentary on how these affects, as well as the perceived requirement for poor body composition for improved performance, can be linked to these athletes’ inconsistent eating patterns. Wrestling athletes should have a high caloric intake demand, although some wrestlers engage in restricted dietary choices. Some wrestlers have been accused of engaging in extreme weight loss habits. Athletic trainers with incomplete nutrition and weight control training make the majority of nutritional recommendations. As a result, these athletes engage in unhealthy eating habits. Trainers and players must be appropriately evaluated and informed about diet and weight loss. As an athlete prepares to increase their athletic performance throughout the season, such education is essential for their health.
Keywords:
wrestling, healthy food, eating disorders
Research Article
Open Access
The effect of circuit training program in children’s physical parameters in volleyball
Abstract:
The positive effects of physical activity in children’s health are widely accepted and documented by the health professionals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of circuit training program on children’s physical parameters age 11 ± 0.5 years. This research paper involved thirty…
The positive effects of physical activity in children’s health are widely accepted and documented by the health professionals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of circuit training program on children’s physical parameters age 11 ± 0.5 years. This research paper involved thirty children (all girls) who are playing volleyball at their leisure time. They were assessed PRE and POST circuit training period through sit and reach test, long jump test, vertical jump test, agility test (10×5), speed test (10m and 30m), KTK test, lateral jump test, upper_ body push_ups 30 sec and core_ body_ curls_ up 30sec. Anthropometrics were measured as body height, weight and waist circumference. The anthropometric measurements are conducted to international standards for anthropometric assessments. The intervention study lasted 3 months, three times per week, 12 minutes’ circuit training after the warm up part. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 for all analysis. All data were analyzed using Microsoft excel. Results shows that after the intervention the data have a significant improvement in height (mean 149.3 ± 3.34 SD), flexibility (mean 34.3 ± 1.78 SD), lateral jumping (mean 42.8 ± 3.10 SD) and curl-ups (mean 18.0 ± 1.52 SD). There was no improvement in weight parameter, waist circumferences and push-ups test. In conclusion there were some important improvements in mostly parameters by implementing circuit training program. We recommend this intervention programs to be incorporated in the physical education curriculum and in private sports courses to have better benefits among the girls.
Keywords:
anthropometric parameters, children, circuit training, sit and reach test, KTK test
Research Article
Open Access
Psychology of sport: fundamentals and techniques
Abstract:
The psychology of sport is an ancient discipline, more than you would think. In 1913, De Coubertin organized in Lausanne an international convey dedicated to the psychological and psycho physiological aspects of sport practices. After that, it became an important discipline worldwide. At the Olympic Game…
The psychology of sport is an ancient discipline, more than you would think. In 1913, De Coubertin organized in Lausanne an international convey dedicated to the psychological and psycho physiological aspects of sport practices. After that, it became an important discipline worldwide. At the Olympic Game of Los Angeles in 1984 for the first time was noticed the presence of a large number of psychologists of sport. Up to 1990, psychology of sport is growing significantly, especially in term of scientific studies, academic field and practice applications.Anyway, there is still a strong discussion about the contribute of psychology inside sports science. Disciplinary competences are growing constantly; also intervention programs with efficacy demonstrated. In the meantime, sport has changed by being articulated in its different underdimensions. At one side, the conception of sport is known as a right of civility, as a vehicle of social integration, health and well being in each phase of life. At other side, the current society considers sport as a competitive activity, emphasizing its agonistic character and looking for programs ‘ad hoc’for the psychological preparation of athletes and high level teams. It’s obvious that these two contrasting conceptions of sport are asking different questions to the science of psychology. Actually, psychology is helping athletes to improve their performance, aiming to be “the psychology of sport in action’’. The scope of this article is to explore the fundamentals of psychology of sport, the role of psychology and psychologist of sport inside sport science and the most well known useful techniques for athletes, in order to improve their performance.
Keywords:
Sport psychology, mental training, psychological abilities, sporting performance.
Volume 3 – Issue 1, Dec.
December
Research Article
Open Access
Comparison and running analysis of 1500m of olympic games 1960-2012 And world championship 1983-2013
Abstract:
The running of middle discipline every day is getting more and more popular in the people and it is a quite preferred challenge of athletes around the world. Recent years we see progression in results in many athletic disciplines. 1500 meters running with advancement of scientific…
The running of middle discipline every day is getting more and more popular in the people and it is a quite preferred challenge of athletes around the world. Recent years we see progression in results in many athletic disciplines. 1500 meters running with advancement of scientific knowledge and their application in runner`s training process, indicates convincingly that well prepared athletes with ease take on functional and motored demands which are trained in runners during the race.The evolution of middle results at male gender during the years is presented from 1960-2012.Olympic games-Results of middle runnings of world championship has varied a lot during these years.From 1983-2013 there was a significant increase in results.The succes of athletes in 1500 meter running must searched in other anthropological factors, firsly, in functinal skillls which are responsible for oxygen supply for muscles (O2). Runnings,in general at superior athletes are seen as motoric stereotypes of human movementswhich are made of repetetive steps and the frequence of steps at these runnigs depends from the function of central nevous system in cortical and subcortical level and very much determined from genetical factor.This is gained in all uptoday researches in this field.The values of middle runnings in 1500 meters are in high correlation with all long distance runnings of 1500m.
According to the many research of this nature, these values represent a clear indicator when we deal with homogenic groups and very high correlation in Olympic Games and in World Championship with elite athletes. 239 superior athletes were included in OlympicGames and World Championship. Key words: 1500 meters, Olympic Games, World Champiionship, Motoric skills, T-testi.
Keywords:
100 meter runners, anthropometric characteristics, movement skills and T-test
Research Article
Open Access
Difference between finalists in antropometric parameters and 100 meters running of top athletes
Abstract:
Athletics, runnings concretly, are the backbone of the Olympic Games originated from the VIIIth century B.C. in Antic Greece. As such, she continous to be popular in modern world as activity of physical development of people. Eventhough in the essence is remained as unchanged activity, nowadays…
Athletics, runnings concretly, are the backbone of the Olympic Games originated from the VIIIth century B.C. in Antic Greece. As such, she continous to be popular in modern world as activity of physical development of people.
Eventhough in the essence is remained as unchanged activity, nowadays runnings are subject of scientific studies in order to find factors or determiners which influence on runners performance. Based on secondary datas of eight World Championships which were held every two years, for 2011, 2013,2015,2017, and five Olympic Games held on 2004,2008, 2012 and 2016, the goal of this study is to evaluate the difference between running parameters in 100 meters or short distance for superior athlets or sprinters.Between many indicators, were chosen those which most often standard measures were conducted and results were drawn that which indicator has more influence or more weight in frequent success in short runnings.From the received results we were able to do a kind of generalization, which means that with same approach and same methodology can we achieve similar results even in other cases, but not always since it is possible the influence of some variable in hidden or invisible form which our analysis did not take them for review.The study is focused on male category only or superior athletes, gained values at Pearson coeficient is noticed that limitted value of 30 degrees of freedom (df(N-2))isr=0,325with light critereum (p=0,05) ,respectively r=0,250with hard critereum of statistical conclusion (p=0,01).Since important statistical distinctions were gained in these two motoric differences, it should be verified between which finalists groups this distinction exists.Anova analysis should be applied for this intention.
Keywords:
100 meter runners, anthropometric characteristics, movement skills and T-test
Research Article
Open Access
Contractual sporting rights under international legal acts
Abstract:
The right to sport can be said to be one of the most important rights of the individual, for the fact that sport is one of the most effective ways of free exercise of all affirmative activities for his individuality and personality. The importance of sport…
The right to sport can be said to be one of the most important rights of the individual, for the fact that sport is one of the most effective ways of free exercise of all affirmative activities for his individuality and personality. The importance of sport has increased dramatically in recent years, as many states, law enforcement agencies and large organizations, or legal entities have been engaged in order to protect and provide capacity for its development.
International law through the drafting and adoption of legal acts with international value has made it possible to sanction all legal grounds in the context of sport development and the resulting agreements. In order to avoid abuses, the protection of young talents, the protection of the parties involved in the sports work contracts, the right and practice refer to a full legal framework that takes value in the design of models and type contracts for employment and development professional athletes around the world.
Among the best models for sports development, we can say that Europe and the US have played an important role in promoting its values and for the effective protection of athletes from any misuse and abuse of their figure. Contractual freedom in the sports field as much as it serves to promote human and sporting rights and creates enormous consequences for the parties involved when one of them violates its core criteria because of the great importance of sport in the days of today, brings colossal gains in certain cases to different humanities or societies. For this reason, this paper will briefly discuss some of the common elements that have sports work contracts in these countries, with a view to evolving the way of protecting and treating athletes from these two different legal systems.
Keywords:
Sport, contract, sponsorship, international acts, legal framework, abuse, rights of the parties, border barriers, court.
Research Article
Open Access
The maximum strength parameters influencing the improvement of speed running phases
Abstract:
The use of various training methods to improve the result in speed races is a major research by coaches. Each of the strength training methods has its importance and its role in improving running speed according to the running technical phases. The aim of this study…
The use of various training methods to improve the result in speed races is a major research by coaches. Each of the strength training methods has its importance and its role in improving running speed according to the running technical phases. The aim of this study is to identify the impact of two different training methods at the improvement of maximum strength has the main factor in improving the running speed according to its technical phases. In our study were involved two experimental groups (Gr-1 N=19; Gr-2 N=19) and one control group N=20, trained with different strength methods. The tests that were utilized consisted in: 60 m dash divided in two distance 0-30m and 30-60m; and isotonic (Peak torque) muscular strength and isometric (Maximum torque) muscular strength. The data were elaborated with SPSS analytic system, using paired simple t-test and Pearson correlation test. The results obtained for Gr-1 shows: Maximum torque(R-L) 0-30m: r=0.89 r=0.62; 30-60m: r=0.83 r=0.61; 60m: r=0.86 r=0.62 (p<0.05). Peak torque(R-L) 0-30m: r=0.82 r=0.80; 30-60m r=0.76 r=0.74; 60m r=0.79 r=0.77(p<0.05). Speed running improvement 0-30m=0.31sec; 30-60m=0.15sec; 60m=0.45sec. Gr-2 shows: Peak torque(R-L) 0-30m: r=0.84 r=0.8; 30-60m:r=0.90 r=0.89; 60m:r=0.87 r=0.88 (p<0.05). Maximum torque(R-L) 0-30m: r=0.91 r=0.79; 30-60m: r=0.92 r=0.78; 60m: r=0.91 r=0.80 (p<0.05).Speed running improvement 0-30m=0.19sec; 30-60m=0.15sec; 60m=0.31sec.
Conclusions Based on obtained results, they show that the improvement of the maximum strength in athletic speed races remains the main factor in improving the running speed in these races. Different techniques of strength provide different correlations according to the technical phases of running speed. The improvement of the maximum strength through exercises that are standardized at the maximum of one repetition show higher correlation in the improvement of the first distance, so in the accelerating phase, while the plyometric exercises show dominant correlation at 30-60m and 60m distances. Despite the fact that both methods used in the study show significant data in the improvement of strength indicators, their interchange in the process of improving the speed of running would be more effective.
Keywords:
strength, training, methods, speed, running phases, improvement.
Research Article
Open Access
Anti-Doping Education Programmes in Albania
Abstract:
This paper provides a commentary on the European Council’s recommendations about educational and information anti-doping strategies in Albania, along with world – wide academics views on strategies in the fight against doping. The need to design and co-ordinate the implementation of such programmes is imminent, because…
This paper provides a commentary on the European Council’s recommendations about educational and information anti-doping strategies in Albania, along with world – wide academics views on strategies in the fight against doping. The need to design and co-ordinate the implementation of such programmes is imminent, because it is now acknowledged that investment in long-term, values-based education programmes may be more appropriate than detection-based deterrence activities, especially for a developing country as Albania that struggles to fund sport in general. At the most explicit level, that of discussing on where anti-doping education in Albania stands at present, it is argued about attempts in this area by several stakeholders like the National Anti-Doping Commission, the Ministry of Education and Sport, the Sport Service Agency, The National Olympic Committee and Sports University of Tirana. An important question arises: who should be addressed and who should be included in anti-doping education? At a deeper analytical level, it is argued on recommendations and clues to effective anti-doping education programmes. It is recommended to refer to evidence-base anti-doping research that allows the application and evaluation of key elements of effective anti-doping education and to examples like the WADA Alpha program or equivalent. At the end, it is suggested that we should seek strategies for communication on anti-doping education that can bridge differences in knowledge and interests of multiple actors.
Keywords:
Albania, Anti-Doping Education Programmes
Research Article
Open Access
Incorrect posture in Albanian children
Abstract:
The incidents of incorrect posture have increased these last two decades, especially in school age children. Most of the studies have highlighted Scoliosis as one of the most frequent incorrect postural shapes among school age children. Based on this, through our study we aimed to evaluate…
The incidents of incorrect posture have increased these last two decades, especially in school age children. Most of the studies have highlighted Scoliosis as one of the most frequent incorrect postural shapes among school age children. Based on this, through our study we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the incorrect posture shape in Albanian children. In our study participated 308 children aged 10-13 years (n = 151 girls, n = 157 boys) who were randomly selected from public schools of Tirana. To evaluate the prevalence of Scoliosis, Kyphosis (thoracic region) and Lordosis (lumbar region) in children we analyzed the children’s posture shape in Anterior and Lateral View by using Postural Analysis Grid Chart and Posture Screen Mobile®-PSM (iPod). During the postural test children were less wearied in order to provide detailed data about their posture shape. For the statistical analyze we used “IBM SPSS Statistics 20” selecting Descriptive & Frequency Analyze.
In our study Scoliosis resulted at 11.03% of subjects while Kyphosis (thoracic region) and Lordosis (lumbar region) in 3.57% and 6.49 % of the subjects. In addition to that, results showed that the prevalence of Scoliosis by gender was 12.7% in boys and 9.3% in girls, while Kyphosis (thoracic region) was 5.7% in boys and 1.3% in girls and Lordosis (lumbar region) 7.3% in girls and 5.7% in boys. Based on these results we highlight that incidents of incorrect posture occurred even in Albanian school age children. Scoliosis, even why is detected more in boys, seems to be present at both genders. It is obvious that children aged 10-13 years posture is affected even by Kyphosis, which is more prevalent in boys, and Lordosis that appears more in girls.
Keywords:
Incorrect Posture, 10-13 years old, Children, Scoliosis, Kyphosis, Lordosis.
Volume 2 – Issue 2, Dec.
December
Research Article
Open Access
Analysis of physical anthropometric indicators and bmi index of participating sports players in nationwide 2012-2013 universiade
Abstract:
From October 2012 to March 2013, in the framework of celebrating the 100th anniversary of Albania’s Independence, the First Nationwide Universiade was held at the facilities of the Sports University of Tirana (SUT), and all students partici- pating in the event were subjected to anthropometric assessment,…
From October 2012 to March 2013, in the framework of celebrating the 100th anniversary of Albania’s Independence, the First Nationwide Universiade was held at the facilities of the Sports University of Tirana (SUT), and all students partici- pating in the event were subjected to anthropometric assessment, the collection of which data contributed in conducting a first of its kind study, “Analysis of physical anthropometric indicators and BMI index of participating sports players in the Universiade”.
On the whole the analysis of tested parameters revealed differences between genders, but also between sports, universi- ties, and their geodemographic spread. Boys’ mean age was 22.72 years, while girls’ mean age was 20.04 years,mean age belonging to the students’ age group, height index for boys was 186cm and 171.5 cm for girls. Mean weight index was 82.01kg for boys and 59.23 kg for girls; while BMI index being as follows: 78% of participating students fell under normal weight category (18-25 kg/m2);18ll under the overweight category (25-29 kg/m2)and only 4 % fell under the obese category (30-34 kg/m2). Based on the same index 96%of girls belonged to the normal weight category, and only 3.33% to the overweight category. While 55 % of boys entered normal weight category; 37% resulted overweight and 8% obese.
Keywords:
Body mass index, parameters, universiade, anthopometric indiicators
Research Article
Open Access
Analysis of some motor skills of pupils practising different kinds of martial arts
Abstract:
Martial arts, according to the general concept, include different types of Asian self-defense systems and fighting styles – with or without a cold steel, fighting one or several opponents. This paper aims to show some physical abilities that are acquired by students practicing some non traditional…
Martial arts, according to the general concept, include different types of Asian self-defense systems and fighting styles – with or without a cold steel, fighting one or several opponents. This paper aims to show some physical abilities that are acquired by students practicing some non traditional sports. Con- tingent of this research are 86 students between 12 -13 years old. The research was held at the above mentioned karate, taekwondo and kung fu sports clubs in Sofia (Bulgaria) in 2013/2014. The following control tests were used to assess the motor skills of the pupils: 1. 50 m running (s); 2. Long jump (сm); 3. Hard ball throwing – 3 kg. (сm); 4. Sit down and touch (the base 50 cm is taken as an neutral reference quantity). The data from the applied variation analysis of the results, obtained from the motor tests, show that the three groups of pupils register similar, uniform results along the different indeces of physical fitness. This fact is indicative that among pupils, practising a particular kind of martial art, there are no individuals who are poor or front-running regrading their muscle strength, speed and agility. As a consequence of their training they show different levels of flexibility and might (P>95%). In their speed we did not differentiate any differ- ence. (P< 95%) No such regularity was found in the comparative analysis of the same skills with the groups practising taekwondo and kung fu, and karate and kung fu respectively. The means of the martial art kung fu influence the manifesta- tion of the skill agility of the pupils to the greatest extent.
Keywords:
physical ability, karate, kung fu, taekwon-do
Research Article
Open Access
Impact of inclusiveness policies in the budget of the university (Case study of Sport University of Tirana)
Abstract:
This research addresses the impact of the educational system policies of higher education harmonized with social policies into the budget of higher education institutions, taking into consideration the case of Sport University of Tirana. Nowa- days, all-inclusiveness principle is an integral part of the higher education…
This research addresses the impact of the educational system policies of higher education harmonized with social policies into the budget of higher education institutions, taking into consideration the case of Sport University of Tirana. Nowa- days, all-inclusiveness principle is an integral part of the higher education in order to support as well the learning proc- ess of the vulnerable groups in a competitive environment for the development of the public education provision. This analysis is focused on the study done for more than 5 years period (2010-2015) on the amount of revenues in the Sports University of Tirana, how the policy of tuition fees has led to a reduction or increase of revenues in the budget of the University, and as well problems, obstacles and challenges faced during this period, including the changes in legislation. Research methodology includes a mixture of qualitative and quantitative ones, covering legislation of higher education, strategic documents, other research papers related to the focus of this article, including social policies to support vulner- able groups and financial aspects of their delivery in higher education. The added value of this study is the analysis of statistical data on tuition fees and scholarships at the Sports University in Tirana (former Academy of Physical Education and Sports “Vojo Kushi”) over 5 years. The comparative analysis of the higher education legislation in years identified strengths, shortcomings and its potential for improvements to be made, and address as well the challenges for the future. The findings of this study will serve as recommendations for further improvement of policies and practices related to financial aspects especially those linked to institutional and procedural mechanisms, so that universities will align the growth of numbers of students from underrepresented groups with a range of academic and general support services to assist student transition, retention and completion.
Keywords:
Revenues, tuition fees, scholarships, University budget, educational policies, all inclusiveness
Research Article
Open Access
Football as a tool to improve motor movement to the youth in the age before pubertal.
Abstract:
Physical development and activity are those structural components without which the full expression of human skills in one or another sphere of activity is virtually unthinkable. Their importance grows with the occurrence of extensive scientific and technological revolution, the intellectualization of modern life and the resulting…
Physical development and activity are those structural components without which the full expression of human skills in one or another sphere of activity is virtually unthinkable. Their importance grows with the occurrence of extensive scientific and technological revolution, the intellectualization of modern life and the resulting changes in the conditions for the development and growth of the modern child. On the level of physical development and physical training is important to target the educational impact held under the laws of ontogenetic development and motor sensitivity / feel- ing / adolescents. Football is a variety of games with the ball, originating from ancient times. Played mostly uncovered soils. Nowadays, especially after the ideas of the last 2-3 years FIFA to promote the game of football took its varieties (most often change the rules regarding the size of the field of play, number of players and the duration, type the playing field, etc.) Typical of soccer, actions carried out primarily by the lower limbs, and less from other parts of the body. It is forbidden to play with hands, except the keeper and described in a particular area. This study is based on the continued growth of the role of the characteristics of age, changes in development functional morphology and processes acceded rational children of elementary school age. The aim of our study was to learn the impact of football-specific skills above the motor skills to adolescents in the period before pubertal age 9-11 years (of class III – IV). Tasks that we have set are as follows: Introduction and summary analysis of literatures and pedagogical experience on the issue. Exploring age change in physical development and physical skills of children in that age studied. Varacionale analysis and rational acceded corelacionale changes in anthropometric basic signs and physical properties studied contingent who practice soccer-boys.
Keywords:
Football, adolescents, motor, physical development, physical training, FIFA.
Research Article
Open Access
Stigma and discrimination against obesity
Abstract:
Prevalence of obese people is increasing day by day all over the world, including Albania. Although, in our country the figures are still low compared with other countries. Obese persons, experience a high level of stigma and prejudice in many contexts of life, which increases the…
Prevalence of obese people is increasing day by day all over the world, including Albania. Although, in our country the figures are still low compared with other countries. Obese persons, experience a high level of stigma and prejudice in many contexts of life, which increases the possibility that obese people experience psychological problems, which makes it difficult for them greatly daily functioning. This is a qualitative research. Given the issue and what is expected to be revealed is supposed that it would be more efficient if it will evolve in such a way. This study aims to explore and understand in depth a problem as stigma and prejudice against obese people. For this study were conducted 21 in-depth interviews and four focus groups. A total of 30 people attended, obese and non obese persons. The sample was an equal number of men and women. The study showed that stigma and discrimination against obese persons are present in many contexts. Stigma and discrimination against obese persons are present in children, adolescents, adults, in the context of health, etc.
Keywords:
obesity, stigma, discrimination, health services
Research Article
Open Access
Herpes Zoster: Clinical Aspects, Complications and Role of Physical Activity in Adults in Albania
Abstract:
Herpes Zoster is the reactivation of the Varicella Zoster Virus in adults in terms of reduction of immunity as a result of various causes. The virus lies dormant in the roots of the dorsal ganglia spinal cord for years after the expiration of the pri- mary…
Herpes Zoster is the reactivation of the Varicella Zoster Virus in adults in terms of reduction of immunity as a result of various causes. The virus lies dormant in the roots of the dorsal ganglia spinal cord for years after the expiration of the pri- mary infection in the form of chickenpox in childhood. Although in most cases passes as a limited self rash accompanied by pain, shingles can make and heavy evolutions , even serious complications. This study offers an overview of clinical, complications, role of sport activity of Herpes Zoster in adults.. We studied 123 cases from 15 – 90 years old January 2009 – December 2013. We classified them based on route of transmission , the immune status dominated immunocom- petents 62.3%.HZ occurs and to sportsmen, team sports, martial arts or dealing spots close bodily contact, water sports from the use of common towels. According to clinical data, constitute the main weight pre herpetic pain 77%, the prodro- mal signs. Based on the type of vesicles, 68.8% simple, with frequent dissemination in the thoracic area of 39%, followed by those in the region of the head and less lumbar – sacral. PHN as dominant complication in 44% of cases, followed by meningitis, keratitis and encephalitis. The initial assessment should indicate the possibility of atypical manifestations . After initial treatment, further care directed towards the occurrence of complications. To athletes it is advisable calm to herpetic vesicles phase; and after easier physical activity in the medium; as walking, swimming or cycling that influence the growth of immunity Pain relief should be the primary concern.
Keywords:
Herpes Zoster, Adults, Albania.
Research Article
Open Access
Leisure time and TV watching in 12 to 16 years old children in Tirana
Abstract:
Identifying time spent watching TV during their leisure time in children 6th to 9th grade school, time spent sedentary can provide useful information when designing interventions aimed to promote an active lifestyle in children. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sedentary life…
Identifying time spent watching TV during their leisure time in children 6th to 9th grade school, time spent sedentary can provide useful information when designing interventions aimed to promote an active lifestyle in children. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sedentary life style, TV viewing and PA behavior in children. A total of 567 children, were; 161 in 6th grade, 124 in 7th grade, 140 in 8th grade and 139 in 9th grade, participated in this study. EYHS questionnaire was applied to measure the time spent on sedentary habits while watching TV. Based on the results we can see that 0.6 % of 6-th grade children report 0 hours of TV watching. In the other side 0.8 % of the 7-th grade, and 8-th and 9-th grade reports 2.1% and 2.2%. According to watching TV less than 1 hour/day, data’s show an increases on percentages from 29.8 % in 6-th grade children and 22.6 % in 7-th grade children, to 15 % and 12.9% in 8-th grade children and 9-th grade children. In conclusion the lower score with 0 hours of TV watching was 6-th grade children the 0.6 %. The highest percentage with 39.1 % was the 6-th grade children that spent 1-2 hours per day in front of the TV.
Keywords:
children, TV watching, leisure time
Research Article
Open Access
The influence of some morphological variables and motor skills in the success of the junior basketball league
Abstract:
In this paper has explored the impact of some variables morphological and motor skills in the success of the junior basketball league. The experiment was done on a sample of 54 young basketball players aged 17 years. Latent factors were extracted which is used factorial analysis…
In this paper has explored the impact of some variables morphological and motor skills in the success of the junior basketball league. The experiment was done on a sample of 54 young basketball players aged 17 years. Latent factors were extracted which is used factorial analysis and have won two latent factors whose morphological been appointed: general factor for growth and development, as well as factor transversal body. While factoring basic motor skills have won four of situational factors which are labeled as: factor of explosive strength and speed option lower limbs, factor flexibility and accuracy (precision) situational and factor precision shooting. Through regression analysis, we examined latent relationship between success (result) sports, as the criteria and factors as predikor win. Space has realized conjunction with morphological criteria 21% level of significance (P = .002). While the basic motor space situational realized 13% level of significance (P = .054). Therefore, we can say that the success of the game of basketball junior league had influence morphological space respectively general factor for growth and development and factor transverse body, while the motor space is explosive power factor and speed alternative lower limbs, have nearly the impact this key factor for achieving success (result) sports. Concluded that fully explained the latent structure of space, and the impact of their success to the junior league players in basketball
Keywords:
morphology, motor, success, factor analysis, regression analysis