Running in short distances are the oldest form of races. The 1986 Olympic Games and the 1983 World Cup, included running races from one end of the stadium to the other. Later, they began to be standardized at certain distances, and at the modern athletics world championships they were divided into three running groups: 100 meters, 200 meters and 400 meters. Even running in 100 meters, with scientific knowledge advances, numerous researches and their applications in the training process of athletes, convincingly showed that well-prepared athletes easily withstand functional and motor requirements, which were practiced by runners during the race.1 The muscular force plays main role in running course, in the right direction and intensity, in terms of the activity of energy mechanisms (aerobic, anaerobic and mixed). In this context, according to the law of reaction, the runner pushes one foot from the ground, which exceeds body weight. The ground counteracts in the same size, but in the opposite direction, enabling forward displacement..2 The result at 100 meters running is influenced by a number of factors. At the beginning of the race or at the start, though very short, reaction time or starting time can influence the result because there are about hundreds of seconds to be considered. Reaction at the start cannot be guarantee for the fastest result. Runners increase the running speed especially during the second half of the distance, in the last 50 meters to the finish. Arrival to finish is considered when the athlete crosses the line with his/her body,which means that the extremities (hands, feet and the head) although it may be found beyond the line of finish, cannot be considered as an arrival to the finish. Although there are short distances and running speed is high, even measurements especially in the finish should be precise because there is very little deviation between athletes that can arrive at once to the finish. For this reason, sensors, pictures and video captures are used to better analyze who from the athletes reached first, second, and so on. Climatic conditions play a very important role in the result of running..3 Wind, depending on blowing direction may have affect in the growth or slowing of the athlete’s speed. Even though it is worth for every competitor in a particular place and time, the problem is that the results of a place where the wind blows can be different from results of another competition in the same discipline, in 100 meters running. Atmospheric and air pressure can be considered, but there is no impact because running is very short and the amount of oxygen for this distance is mostly concentrated in the muscles of the runners.4 And when it comes to the muscles and physical characteristics of runners, these are among the most important elements influencing (in maximum) results..5 The big muscles and physical forms of an athlete as in bodybuilding means even greater weight, and this can also affect even in slower footsteps. An athlete may not have swollen and developed muscles, but is taller and has bigger footsteps. When it comes to the length of the athlete we should make the difference between the length of the body in general and the length of the feet and the throwing step. In this context, statistical tests and interpretations of the results have also been made in particular subheadings. After the interpretation of the results, an explanation has been given on the importance of the study from theoretical and practical point of view, and also in a particular subheading.6
Difference between finalists in antropometric parameters and 100 meters running of top athletes
Published in JPASE Journal (Volume 3, Issue 1, December 2017)
Abstract
Athletics, runnings concretly, are the backbone of the Olympic Games originated from the VIIIth century B.C. in Antic Greece. As such, she continous to be popular in modern world as activity of physical development of people. Eventhough in the essence is remained as unchanged activity, nowadays runnings are subject of scientific studies in order to find factors or determiners which influence on runners performance. Based on secondary datas of eight World Championships which were held every two years, for 2011, 2013,2015,2017, and five Olympic Games held on 2004,2008, 2012 and 2016, the goal of this study is to evaluate the difference between running parameters in 100 meters or short distance for superior athlets or sprinters.Between many indicators, were chosen those which most often standard measures were conducted and results were drawn that which indicator has more influence or more weight in frequent success in short runnings.From the received results we were able to do a kind of generalization, which means that with same approach and same methodology can we achieve similar results even in other cases, but not always since it is possible the influence of some variable in hidden or invisible form which our analysis did not take them for review.The study is focused on male category only or superior athletes, gained values at Pearson coeficient is noticed that limitted value of 30 degrees of freedom (df(N-2))isr=0,325with light critereum (p=0,05) ,respectively r=0,250with hard critereum of statistical conclusion (p=0,01).Since important statistical distinctions were gained in these two motoric differences, it should be verified between which finalists groups this distinction exists.Anova analysis should be applied for this intention.
Keywords
100 meter runners, anthropometric characteristics, movement skills and T-test
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