Continuous improvement of athletic sports results, achieving record levels of results, indicating at the same time that the estimation of the maximum limits of human performance is always relative and subject to unstoppable improvements. Athletics determines the fastest, the stronger and the most enduring of the human being. So when looking at the rate which these results are improved and the level where these currently are, we understand that still exist an unused potential of elite athletes, who is expected to be evidenced in the concrete sports performance.(Boreham et al, 2006). Introducing with competence and seriousness of accurate scientific concepts in the training process has constituted an increasingly important direction of the professionals and coaches works. We should be realistic in that aspect there is still much to do because in our training process are observed various deficiencies, the elimination of which constitutes a significant reserve for increasing the results in another level of quality results. (Sale & MacDougall .,1981). The athlete must confront the external reactions which impose him to improve muscle strength magnitude. The maximum muscle performances are dependent on strength parameters which are manipulated from training, so from the rates of maximal strength and maximum speed. (Zatsiorsky &. Kraemer, 2006). The elite sport requires more improvements of a high level of performance wherein the center of it remains the production of manpower that derives from force component, usable for muscle movement and speed of movement. ( Komi, 2003). The movement speed, especially in athletics runs, have shown a correlation between absolute and relative strength, by being more tied to distance running speed or to the achievement of maximal speed than by starting ability phase. The conclusions showing that strength abilities are related to sprint performance and these relations changes according to the running speed phases. (Young et al., 1995). Many coaches in developing strategies to speed running training processes, keep a primary focus that the strength, power, and speed are essentially dependent on each other because they are all the product of the same functional systems. Consequently, coaches should take into consideration the specific strength training according to individual characteristics, based on performance capacity and technical running phases. (Delecluse, 1997). Strength is an indicator directly responsible for accelerating the ability of an athlete, which can be justified by the fact that, as fast is produced or achieved high muscular strength levels in relation to time as faster a response acceleration happens.(Schimidtbleicher, 1992). Izquierdo et al 2002 has studied Strength-Speed relationship, recommended that the production of optimal muscle strength is about 40-60% of voluntary muscle contraction. Therefore power production dominates by increasing force and time in order to achieve this values in unit time. (Izquierdo et al., 2002; Cronin et al ., 2007). To enhance performance by 2.2% on speed running required to improve performance by 21% on squat strength. This relationship verifies correlations between two skills. (Wilson et al., 1996).
Sale suggested that training should be specified according to movement scheme, the speed of contraction, types of contracting and muscle forces contracting.(Sale & MacDougall, 1981). Multidimensional nature of running speed requires specific exercises which can lead to improved performance speed of its technical phases.(Yetter & Moir,2008). Training of athletes in speed should be kept in focus the importance of each technical phase of running which is interdependent. An athlete can dominate the first starting phase and achieving maximum speed, but can the athlete keeps this speed as long as possible. Numerous studies have already conclusively shown that physical element determined in speed running are the power and maximum strength, supported by regular technical sprint. So, it will be seen in our study the role of strength skills in acceleration phase and achieving the maximum speed is crucial in the result of this discipline. (Young et al.,1995);(Delecluse et al., 1995).
To achieve maximum speed, must distinguish between the speed of moving as an indicator of the quality and speed running as physical skills. Achieving maximum speed is possible through optimal coordination of the stride length and frequency. (Cronin & Hansen., 2005). The methodology of the training process aimed to improve sport results in speed competition continuously. The most recommended methods include low loads but with a large number of repetitions, where the load stimulus enhance the development of speed and coordination but also running kinematics movement. The implementation of these methods, researchers recommend the use of training equipment such as parachutes, running with weights and weight vests which help in the development of acceleration and explosive movements. Using methods with low loads have an impact not only on improving the speed of running but also improve muscle strength development. (Delecluse et al 1995); (Cronin et al., 2008). The development of running speed performance requires specific training of strength and power knowing that these components have a correlation between them. (Wilson et al ., 1993). Improvement of power and strength promote the recruitment and synchronization of fast motor units affecting neuromuscular stimulation thus will improve the interaction between synergist muscles, by inducing the improvement of speed running performance. (Carroll et al .,2001). Asitisstatedabove,isclearlyandauthenticated that there is a strong correlation between the strength indicators and speed of running. To prove that this study were obtained in experiment 2 (two) training methods to highlight which of these methods will affect more on the improvement of the running speed on all its technical stages.
The aim of this study is to identify the impact of two different training methods at the improvement of maximum strength has the main factor in improving the running speed according to its technical phases.