Volleyball is a widely popular team sport enjoyed by millions of people, as those who engage in it benefit from both physical and psychological
skills. It is a sport with aerobic-anaerobic characteristics that involve a combination of explosive movements with short recovery periods and well-coordinated technical skills. According to the statistics of the International Volleyball Federation, approximately 500 million people play volleyball worldwide. Volleyball was classified as an Olympic sport in the Olympic Games in 1964, and during this period, it underwent significant rule changes such as the rally point system, the extension of regular set points from 15 to 25, and the introduction of a libero, a specialized defensive player not allowed to attack. Such changes have influenced the training processes of teams and individuals, leading to early specialization of players based on their playing positions. The dynamic changes in training processes over the years have resulted in noticeable anthropometric differences among player types, such as outside hitters, center blockers, compared to non-attacking players, both in females and males. These changes have made volleyball more spectacular and even more appealing to the audience. To play volleyball, players need good technical skills, including serving, passing, setting, spiking, blocking, and defense. Each of these skills involves specific techniques for improvement during regular, scientifically based training processes, supervised by experts in the field.
The Influence Of Specific Training Programs On The Health And Performance Of Volleyball Players Aged 14-16 (Literature Review)
Published in JPASE Journal (Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2023)
Abstract
Volleyball is a very popular team sport and enjoyed by millions of people as those who practice it benefit from good physical and psychological skills. It is an aerobic-anaerobic sport that includes a combination of explosive movements, technically well-coordinated with short recovery periods. For the best possible realization of these movements, a great training work is required, both from the coaches and from the players. Heavy training have a positive effect on the growth of the athlete’s performance, but on the other hand, they can have a negative impact, in terms of the risk of injury to these players, in different parts of the body. Specifically, it has been verified by different authors that this can negatively affect the problems with posture asymmetry in volleyball athletes. For this reason, the main purpose of our study is: 1. Designing a specific training program with a group of exercises that will help strengthen and stabilize the spine to improve the problems that volleyball players have with the spine, also ensuring an increase in sports performance. Also the improvement of physical parameters such as: strength and balance, in young volleyball players. One of the problems that has recently been noticed among today’s children in general, but also among volleyball athletes, are spine problems. In the sport of volleyball, specific tasks such as jumping, and hitting the ball must be combined with a series of movements. This requires a lot of concentration and high preparation from the neuro-musculo-skeletal system. This may be one of the reasons why volleyball players are always contingently at risk for musculoskeletal injuries. In volleyball players, there is thought to be overload due to the repetitions of unilateral body movements. This leads to postural changes. For this reason, postural asymmetry in sports, especially in people who train regularly and use one hand over head, is thought to be the overload from the repetitions of one sided body movements. Thus, the main focus of this paper was to identify the main reasons that negatively affect the postural asymmetry of volleyball players and the identification and selection of different exercises that can affect the improvement of postural asymmetries, described in the literature until 2023. In volleyball, one of the most important elements, from which a large number of points are secured, it’s the spike. From the results of the selected studies, it has been identified how different phases of spiking, such as technique, influence, hit force and balance, in spine problems in volleyball athletes.
Keywords
training loads, speed, agility, physical characteristics
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